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GOLD
A mineral is a naturally occurring substance formed through geological processes that has a characteristic chemical composition, a highly ordered atomic structure, and specific physical properties. A rock, by comparison, is an aggregate of minerals and need not have a specific chemical composition. Minerals range in composition from pure elements and simple salts to very complex silicates with thousands of known forms.[1] The study of minerals is called mineralogy.]
General
Name, Symbol, Number
gold, Au, 79
Element category
transition metals

Group, Period, Block
11, 6, d

Appearance
metallic yellow


Standard atomic weight
196.966569(4)  g•mol−1

Electron configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1

Electrons per shell
2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 1
Physical properties
Phase
solid

Density (near r.t.)
19.3  g•cm−3
Liquid density at m.p.
17.31  g•cm−3
Melting point
1337.33 K
(1064.18 °C, 1947.52 °F)

Boiling point
3129 K
(2856 °C, 5173 °F)

Heat of fusion
12.55  kJ•mol−1

Heat of vaporization
324  kJ•mol−1

Specific heat capacity
(25 °C) 25.418  J•mol
Gold (pronounced /ˈɡoʊld/) is a chemical element with the symbol Au (from its Latin name aurum) and atomic number 79. It is a highly sought-after precious metal which has been used as money, a store of value and in jewelery, sculpture and ornamentation since the beginning of recorded history. The metal occurs as nuggets or grains in rocks, underground "veins" and in alluvial deposits. It is one of the coinage metals. Gold is dense, soft, shiny and the most malleable and ductile substance known. Pure gold has a bright yellow color traditionally considered attractive.